Communication on the field relies heavily on a standardized set of gestures used by officials to indicate infractions, stoppages, and restarts. These visual cues ensure players, coaches, and spectators understand the decisions... Read more »
The standardized communication methods employed by officials during a field hockey match are visual cues that convey specific information about rule infractions, game management decisions, and player instructions. These hand gestures and... Read more »
Official hand gestures and whistle commands used by umpires to communicate decisions, penalties, and restarts during a field hockey match constitute a critical element of game management. These standardized methods provide immediate... Read more »
Non-verbal communication used by officials during a field hockey match constitutes a standardized system of gestures indicating various aspects of play. These visual cues convey information regarding infractions, restarts, and other procedural... Read more »